Recording medium storing a text subtitle stream including a style segment and a plurality of presentation segments, method and apparatus for reproducing a text subtitle stream including a style segment and a plurality of presentation segments

ABSTRACT

A non-transitory computer readable recording medium and method and apparatus for reproducing and recording text subtitle streams including a style segment and presentation segments. The style segments define a region style, and each presentation segment contains a region subtitle associated with a region subtitle and presentation time information defining a presentation time of a corresponding presentation segment. The recording medium and method allow text subtitle streams to be more efficiently and effectively reproduced and recorded.

PRIORITY INFORMATION

This is a continuation application of application No. Ser. 11/070,239filed Mar. 3, 2005 now U.P. Pat. No. 7,809,244, the entire contents ofwhich are hereby incorporated by reference.

This application claims the benefit of Korean Patent Application No.10-2004-0020891, filed on Mar. 26, 2004, which is hereby incorporated byreference as if fully set forth herein.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a recording medium, and moreparticularly, to a recording medium and method and apparatus forreproducing and recording text subtitle streams. Although the presentinvention is suitable for a wide scope of applications, it isparticularly suitable for recording the text subtitle stream file withinthe recording medium and effectively reproducing the recorded textsubtitle stream.

2. Discussion of the Related Art

Optical discs are widely used as an optical recording medium forrecording mass data. Presently, among a wide range of optical discs, anew high-density optical recording medium (hereinafter referred to as“HD-DVD”), such as a Blu-ray Disc (hereafter referred to as “BD”), isunder development for writing and storing high definition video andaudio data. Currently, global standard technical specifications of theBlu-ray Disc (BD), which is known to be the next generation technology,are under establishment as a next generation optical recording solutionthat is able to have a data significantly surpassing the conventionalDVD, along with many other digital apparatuses.

Accordingly, optical reproducing apparatuses having the Blu-ray Disc(BD) standards applied thereto are also being developed. However, sincethe Blu-ray Disc (BD) standards are yet to be completed, there have beenmany difficulties in developing a complete optical reproducingapparatus. Particularly, in order to effectively reproduce the data fromthe Blu-ray Disc (BD), not only should the main AV data as well asvarious data required for a user's convenience, such as subtitleinformation as the supplementary data related to the main AV data, beprovided, but also managing information for reproducing the main dataand the subtitle data recorded in the optical disc should be systemizedand provided.

However, in the present Blu-ray Disc (BD) standards, since the standardsof the supplementary data, particularly the subtitle stream file, arenot completely consolidated, there are many restrictions in thefull-scale development of a Blu-ray Disc (BD) basis optical reproducingapparatus. And, such restrictions cause problems in providing thesupplementary data such as subtitles to the user.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, the present invention is directed to a recording medium andmethod and apparatus for reproducing and recording text subtitle streamsthat substantially obviate one or more problems due to limitations anddisadvantages of the related art.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method of creating aset of style information when recording a text subtitle stream filewithin the recording medium according to the present invention.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method andapparatus for reproducing a text subtitle stream that can effectivelyreproduce the above-described text subtitle stream according to thepresent invention.

Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will beset forth in part in the description which follows and in part willbecome apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art uponexamination of the following or may be learned from practice of theinvention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may berealized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in thewritten description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.

To achieve these objects and other advantages and in accordance with thepurpose of the invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, arecording medium for reproducing text subtitle streams includes a dataarea storing at least one text subtitle stream, each text subtitlestream including a dialog style segment defining a set of region stylesand at least one dialog presentation segment, each dialog presentationsegment containing at least one region of dialog text, each region ofdialog text being linked to one of the set of region styles andincluding at least one pair of an inline style and a text string, theinline style being configured to change one of region presentationproperties specified by the linked region style for the text string.

The each region of dialog text may include a data type field whichindicates that data immediately following the data type field representthe text string, and the each region of dialog text may include anescape code immediately preceding the data type field so as todistinguish the data representing the text string from data precedingthe escape code. Additionally, the each region of dialog text mayinclude a data type field which indicates that data immediatelyfollowing the data type field represent the inline style.

Furthermore, the each region of dialog text may include an escape codeimmediately preceding the data type field so as to distinguish the datarepresenting the inline style from data preceding the escape code.Herein, the data type field may further indicate a type of the inlinestyle. Also, the each region of dialog text may include a line-breakfield indicating that the text string is drawn in a new line, and theeach region of dialog text may also include an end-of-inline-style fieldindicating that the inline style is reset to the region presentationproperties specified by the linked region style.

In another aspect of the present invention, a method of reproducing textsubtitle streams includes reproducing at least one text subtitle streamrecorded on a recording medium, each text subtitle stream including adialog style segment defining a set of region styles and at least onedialog presentation segment, each dialog presentation segment containingat least one region of dialog text, each region of dialog text beinglinked to one of the set of region styles and including at least onepair of an inline style and a text string, the inline style beingconfigured to change one of region presentation properties specified bythe linked region style for the text string.

In another aspect of the present invention, an apparatus for reproducingtext subtitle streams includes a driver configured to drive an opticalreproducing device to reproduce data recorded on a recording medium, anda controller configured to control the driver to reproduce at least onetext subtitle stream recorded on the recording medium, each textsubtitle stream including a dialog style segment defining a set ofregion styles and at least one dialog presentation segment, each dialogpresentation segment containing at least one region of dialog text, eachregion of dialog text being linked to one of the set of region stylesand including at least one pair of an inline style and a text string,the inline style being configured to change one of region presentationproperties specified by the linked region style for the text string.

In another aspect of the present invention, a method for recording textsubtitle streams includes recording at least one text subtitle stream ona recording medium, each text subtitle stream including a dialog stylesegment defining a set of region styles and at least one dialogpresentation segment, each dialog presentation segment containing atleast one region of dialog text, each region of dialog text being linkedto one of the set of region styles and including at least one pair of aninline style and a text string, the inline style being configured tochange one of region presentation properties specified by the linkedregion style for the text string.

In a further aspect of the present invention, an apparatus for recordingtext subtitle streams includes a driver configured to drive an opticalrecording device to record data on a recording medium, and a controllerconfigured to control the driver to record at least one text subtitlestream on the recording medium, each text subtitle stream including adialog style segment defining a set of region styles and at least onedialog presentation segment, each dialog presentation segment containingat least one region of dialog text, each region of dialog text beinglinked to one of the set of region styles and including at least onepair of an inline style and a text string, the inline style beingconfigured to change one of region presentation properties specified bythe linked region style for the text string.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description andthe following detailed description of the present invention areexemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide furtherexplanation of the invention as claimed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a furtherunderstanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute apart of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention andtogether with the description serve to explain the principle of theinvention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 illustrates a structure of the data files recorded in an opticaldisc according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 illustrates data storage areas of the optical disc according tothe present invention;

FIG. 3 illustrates a text subtitle and a main image presented on adisplay screen according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic diagram illustrating reproduction controlof a text subtitle stream according to the present invention;

FIGS. 5A to 5C illustrate applications of the reproduction controlinformation for reproducing the text subtitle stream according to thepresent invention;

FIG. 6 illustrates the structure of a text subtitle stream fileaccording to the present invention;

FIG. 7 illustrates an application of a set of style information to thestructure of the text subtitle stream file according to the presentinvention;

FIG. 8 illustrates a syntax of the text subtitle stream file accordingto the present invention;

FIGS. 9A to 9D illustrate another example of syntax of the text subtitlestream file according to the present invention;

FIG. 10 illustrates another example of syntax of the text subtitlestream file according to the present invention;

FIGS. 11A and 11B illustrate an example of a syntax of a region subtitleamong the text subtitle stream file according to a first embodiment ofthe present invention;

FIGS. 12A and 12B illustrate an example of a syntax of a region subtitleamong the text subtitle stream file according to a second embodiment ofthe present invention;

FIGS. 13A and 13B illustrate an example of a syntax of a region subtitleamong the text subtitle stream file according to a third embodiment ofthe present invention; and

FIG. 14 illustrates an optical recording and/or reproducing apparatusincluding a reproduction of the text subtitle stream file according tothe present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of thepresent invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be usedthroughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts. In addition,although the terms used in the present invention are selected fromgenerally known and used terms, some of the terms mentioned in thedescription of the present invention have been selected by the applicantat his or her discretion, the detailed meanings of which are describedin relevant parts of the description herein. Furthermore, it is requiredthat the present invention is understood, not simply by the actual termsused but by the meaning of each term lying within.

In this detailed description, “recording medium” refers to all types ofmedium that can record data and broadly includes all types of mediumregardless of the recording method, such as an optical disc, a magnetictape, and so on. Hereinafter, for simplicity of the description of thepresent invention, the optical disc and, more specifically, the “Blu-raydisc (BD)” will be given as an example of the recording medium proposedherein. However, it will be apparent that the spirit or scope of thepresent invention may be equally applied to other types of recordingmedium.

In this detailed description, “main data” represent audio/video (AV)data that belong to a title (e.g., a movie title) recorded in an opticaldisc by an author. In general, the AV data are recorded in MPEG2 formatand are often called AV streams or main AV streams. In addition,“supplementary data” represent all other data required for reproducingthe main data, examples of which are text subtitle streams, interactivegraphic streams, presentation graphic streams, and supplementary audiostreams (e.g., for a browsable slideshow). These supplementary datastreams may be recorded in MPEG2 format or in any other data format.They could be multiplexed with the AV streams or could exist asindependent data files within the optical disc.

A “subtitle” represents caption information corresponding to video(image) data being reproduced, and it may be represented in apredetermined language. For example, when a user selects an option forviewing one of a plurality of subtitles represented in various languageswhile viewing images on a display screen, the caption informationcorresponding to the selected subtitle is displayed on a predeterminedportion of the display screen. If the displayed caption information istext data (e.g., characters), the selected subtitle is often called a“text subtitle”. According to one aspect of the present invention, aplurality of text subtitle streams in MPEG2 format may be recorded in anoptical disc, and they may exist as a plurality of independent streamfiles. Each “text subtitle stream file” is created and recorded withinan optical disc. And, the purpose of the present invention is to providea method and apparatus for reproducing the recorded text subtitle streamfile.

FIG. 1 illustrates a file structure of the data files recorded in aBlu-ray disc (hereinafter referred to as “BD”) according to the presentinvention. Referring to FIG. 1, at least one BD directory (BDMV) isincluded in a root directory (root). Each BD directory includes an indexfile (index.bdmv) and an object file (MovieObject.bdmv), which are usedfor interacting with one or more users. For example, the index file maycontain data representing an index table having a plurality ofselectable menus and movie titles. Each BD directory further includesfour file directories that include audio/video (AV) data to bereproduced and various data required for reproduction of the AV data.

The file directories included in each BD directory are a streamdirectory (STREAM), a clip information directory (CLIPINF), a playlistdirectory (PLAYLIST), and an auxiliary data directory (AUX DATA). Firstof all, the stream directory (STREAM) includes audio/video (AV) streamfiles having a particular data format. For example, the AV stream filesmay be in the form of MPEG2 transport packets and be named as “*.m2ts”,as shown in FIG. 1. The stream directory may further include one or moretext subtitle stream files, where each text subtitle stream fileincludes text (e.g., characters) data for a text subtitle represented ina particular language and reproduction control information of the textdata. The text subtitle stream files exist as independent stream fileswithin the stream directory and may be named as “*.m2ts” or “*.txtst”,as shown in FIG. 1. An AV stream file or text subtitle stream fileincluded in the stream directory is often called a clip stream file.

Next, the clip information directory (CLIPINF) includes clip informationfiles that correspond to the stream files (AV or text subtitle) includedin the stream directory, respectively. Each clip information filecontains property and reproduction timing information of a correspondingstream file. For example, a clip information file may include mappinginformation, in which presentation time stamps (PTS) and source packetnumbers (SPN) are in a one-to-one correspondence and are mapped by anentry point map (EPM), depending upon the clip type. Using the mappinginformation, a particular location of a stream file may be determinedfrom a set of timing information (In-Time and Out-Time) provided by aPlayItem or SubPlayItem, which will be discussed later in more details.In the industry standard, each pair of a stream file and itscorresponding clip information file is designated as a clip. Forexample, 01000.clpi included in CLIPINF includes property andreproduction timing information of 01000.m2ts included in STREAM, and01000.clpi and 01000.m2ts form a clip.

Referring back to FIG. 1, the playlist directory (PLAYLIST) includes oneor more PlayList files (*.mpls), where each PlayList file includes atleast one PlayItem that designates at least one main AV clip and thereproduction time of the main AV clip. More specifically, a PlayItemcontains information designating In-Time and Out-Time, which representreproduction begin and end times for a main AV clip designated byClip_Information_File_Name within the PlayItem. Therefore, a PlayListfile represents the basic reproduction control information for one ormore main AV clips. In addition, the PlayList file may further include aSubPlayItem, which represents the basic reproduction control informationfor a text subtitle stream file. When a SubPlayItem is included in aPlayList file to reproduce one or more text subtitle stream files, theSubPlayItem is synchronized with the PlayItem(s). On the other hand,when the SubPlayItem is used to reproduce a browsable slideshow, it maynot be synchronized with the PlayItem(s). According to the presentinvention, the main function of a SubPlayItem is to control reproductionof one or more text subtitle stream files.

Lastly, the auxiliary data directory (AUX DATA) may includesupplementary data stream files, examples of which are font files (e.g.,aaaaa.font or aaaaa.otf), pop-up menu files (not shown), and sound files(e.g., Sound.bdmv) for generating click sound. The text subtitle streamfiles mentioned earlier may be included in the auxiliary data directoryinstead of the stream directory.

FIG. 2 illustrates data storage areas of an optical disc according tothe present invention. Referring to FIG. 2, the optical disc includes afile system information area occupying the inmost portion of the discvolume, a stream area occupying the outmost portion of the disc volume,and a database area occupied between the file system information areaand the stream area. In the file system information area, systeminformation for managing the entire data files shown in FIG. 1 isstored. Next, main data and supplementary data (i.e., AV streams and oneor more text subtitle streams) are stored in the stream area. The maindata may include audio data, video data, and graphic data. And, thesupplementary data (i.e., the text subtitle) is independently stored inthe stream area without being multiplexed with the main data. Thegeneral files, PlayList files, and clip information files shown in FIG.1 are stored in the database area of the disc volume. As discussedabove, the general files include an index file and an object file, andthe PlayList files and clip information files include informationrequired to reproduce the AV streams and the text subtitle streamsstored in the stream area. Using the information stored in the databasearea and/or stream area, a user is able to select a specific playbackmode and to reproduce the main AV and text subtitle streams in theselected playback mode.

Hereinafter, the structure of the text subtitle stream file according tothe present invention will be described in detail. First of all, thecontrol information for reproducing the text subtitle stream will benewly defined. Then, the detailed description of the method of creatingthe text stream file including the newly defined control information,and the method and apparatus of reproducing the text subtitle stream forreproducing the recorded stream file will follow. FIG. 3 illustrates atext subtitle and a main image presented on a display screen accordingto the present invention. The main image and the text subtitle aresimultaneously displayed on the display screen when a main AV stream anda corresponding text subtitle stream are reproduced in synchronization.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating reproduction control of amain AV clip and text subtitle clips according to the present invention.Referring to FIG. 4, a PlayList file includes at least one PlayItemcontrolling reproduction of at least one main AV clip and a SubPlayItemcontrolling reproduction of a plurality of text subtitle clips. One oftext subtitle clip 1 and text subtitle clip 2, shown in FIG. 4, forEnglish and Korean text subtitles may be synchronized with the main AVclip such that a main image and a corresponding text subtitle aredisplayed on a display screen simultaneously at a particularpresentation time. In order to display the text subtitle on the displayscreen, display control information (e.g., position and sizeinformation) and presentation time information, examples of which areillustrated in FIG. 5A to FIG. 5C, are required.

FIG. 5A illustrates a dialog presented on a display screen according tothe present invention. A dialog represents entire text subtitle datadisplayed on a display screen during a given presentation time. Ingeneral, presentation times of the dialog may be represented inpresentation time stamps (PTS). For example, presentation of the dialogshown in FIG. 5A starts at PTS (k) and ends at PTS (k+1). Therefore, thedialog shown in FIG. 5A represents an entire unit of text subtitle datawhich are displayed on the display screen between PTS (k) and PTS (k+1).A dialog includes a maximum of 100 character codes in one text subtitle.

In addition, FIG. 5B illustrates regions of a dialog according to thepresent invention. A region represents a divided portion of textsubtitle data (dialog) displayed on a display screen during a givenpresentation time. In other words, a dialog includes at least oneregion, and each region may include at least one line of subtitle text.The entire text subtitle data representing a region may be displayed onthe display screen according to a region style (global style) assignedto the region. The maximum number of regions included in a dialog shouldbe determined based on a desired decoding rate of the subtitle databecause the greater number of regions generally results in a lowerdecoding ratio. For example, the maximum number of regions for a dialogmay be limited to two in order to achieve a reasonably high decodingrate.

FIG. 5C illustrates style information for regions of a dialog accordingto the present invention. Style information represents informationdefining properties required for displaying at least a portion of aregion included in a dialog. Some of the examples of the styleinformation are position, region size, background color, text alignment,text flow information, and many others. The style information may beclassified into region style information (global style information) andinline style information (local style information).

Region style information defines a region style (global style) which isapplied to an entire region of a dialog. For example, the region styleinformation may contain at least one of a region position, region size,font color, background color, text flow, text alignment, line space,font name, font style, and font size of the region. For example, twodifferent region styles are applied to region 1 and region 2, as shownin FIG. 5C. A region style with position 1, size 1, and blue backgroundcolor is applied to Region 1, and a different region style with position2, size 2, and red background color is applied to Region 2.

On the other hand, inline style information defines an inline style(local style) which is applied to a particular portion of text stringsincluded in a region. For example, the inline style information maycontain at least one of a font type, font size, font style, and fontcolor. The particular portion of text strings may be an entire text linewithin a region or a particular portion of the text line. Referring toFIG. 5C, a particular inline style is applied to the text portion“mountain” included in Region 1. In other words, at least one of thefont type, font size, font style, and font color of the particularportion of text strings is different from the remaining portion of thetext strings within Region 1.

Accordingly, the above-described text data is recorded and described asa “text string” depending upon whether a specific inline style exists,and the text data will be described in more detail with reference toFIG. 11A to FIG. 13B. FIG. 6 illustrates a text subtitle stream file(e.g., 10001.m2ts shown in FIG. 1) according to the present invention.The text subtitle stream file may be formed of an MPEG2 transport streamincluding a plurality of transport packets (TP), all of which have asame packet identifier (e.g., PID=0x18xx). When a disc player receivesmany input streams including a particular text subtitle stream, it findsall the transport packets that belong to the text subtitle stream usingtheir PIDs. Referring to FIG. 6, each sub-set of transport packets forma packet elementary stream (PES) packet. One of the PES packets shown inFIG. 6 corresponds to a dialog style segment (DSS) defining a group ofregion styles. All the remaining PES packets after the second PES packetcorrespond to dialog presentation segments (DPSs).

In the above-described text subtitle stream structure of FIG. 6, each ofthe dialog information shown in FIGS. 5A to 5C represent a dialogpresentation segment (DPS). And, the style information included in thedialog information represents a set of information that links any one ofthe plurality of region style sets defined in the dialog style segment(DSS), which can also be referred to as “region_style_id”, and inlinestyles. A standardized limited number of region style sets is recordedin the dialog style segment (DSS). For example, a maximum of 60 sets ofspecific style information is recorded, each of which is described by aregion_style_id.

FIG. 7 illustrates structures of the dialog style segment (DSS) recordedin the text subtitle stream, and of the dialog presentation segment(DPS). Accordingly, a detailed syntax of the text subtitle stream willbe described in a later process with reference to FIG. 8. Morespecifically, the dialog style segment (DSS) includes a maximum of 60sets of region style is recorded therein, each of which is described bya region_style_id. A region style set, which includes diverse regionstyle information, and a user changeable style set are recorded in eachregion_style_id. Herein, detailed contents of the region styleinformation will be described in FIG. 9B, and detailed contents of theuser changeable style information will be described in FIG. 9C.

Furthermore, the dialog presentation segment (DPS) includes text dataand timing information indicating the presentation time of the text data(i.e., PTS set). The dialog presentation segment (DPS) also includesinformation linking any one of the style information for each region andthe specific region style information included in the above-describeddialog style. Therefore, DPS #1 is formed of a single region, and theregion style applied to the text data (Text data #1) is applied toregion_style_id=k included in the dialog presentation segment (DPS). DPS#2 is formed of two regions, and the region style applied to the textdata (Text data #1) of the first region is applied to region_style_id=kincluded in the dialog presentation segment (DPS). And, the region styleapplied to the text data (Text data #2) of the second region is appliedto region_style_id=n included in the dialog presentation segment (DPS).Similarly, DPS #3 and DPS #4 applies region_style_id=n andregion_style_id=m to each corresponding style information within thedialog presentation segment (DPS), respectively.

Accordingly, when two regions exist within a single dialog, such as inDPS #2, each of the region_style_id applied to each region should begiven a different value. More specifically, as described above,region_style_id=k is applied to the first region within DPS #2, andregion_style_id=n is applied to the second region within DPS #2, therebyrespectively applying different region style sets. When an identicalregion_style_id is applied to each region, then the two regions areoverlapped on the screen, which causes difficulty in displaying the textsubtitle. Meanwhile, the style information being linked by theregion_style_id is identically applied to all of the text data withinthe corresponding region (i.e., global style information). However, theinline style information, which is a set of local style informationbeing applied only to the corresponding text string, is newly definedand applied when the style information of a specific text string withinthe text data is to be modified.

The syntax structure of the above-described dialog style segment (DSS)and the dialog presentation segment (DPS) will now be described indetail with reference to FIGS. 8 to 10B. FIG. 8 illustrates a syntax ofthe text subtitle stream (Text_subtitle_stream( )) according to thepresent invention. Referring to FIG. 8, the Text_subtitle_stream( )includes a dialog_style_segment( ) syntax and adialog_presentation_segment( ) syntax. More specifically, thedialog_style_segment( ) syntax corresponds to a single dialog stylesegment (DSS) defining the style information set, and thedialog_presentation_segment( ) syntax corresponds to a plurality ofdialog presentation segments (DPS) having the actual dialog informationrecorded therein.

FIGS. 9A to 9C illustrate a detailed structure of thedialog_style_segment( ), which represent the dialog style segment (DSS).More specifically, FIG. 9A illustrates the overall structure of thedialog_style_segment( ), wherein a dialog_style set( ) defining diversestyle information sets that are applied in the dialog is defined. FIG.9B illustrates a dialog_style set( ) according to the present invention,which is defined in the dialog_style_segment( ). Apart from theregion_styles, the dialog_style_set( ) includes a Player_style_flag, auser_changeable_style set( ), and a palette( ). The Player_style_flagindicates whether change in style information by the player isauthorized. Also, the user_changeable_style set( ) defines the range ofchange in style information by the player, and the palette( ) indicatescolor information.

The region style information (region_styles) represents Global styleinformation defined for each region, as described above. Aregion_style_id is assigned to each region, and a style information setcorresponding to the specific region_style_id is defined. Therefore,when reproducing a dialog by recording the region_style_id, which isapplied to the corresponding dialog, within the dialog presentationsegment (DPS), style information set values defined by identicalregion_style_id within the dialog_style set( ) are applied, so as toreproduce the dialog. Accordingly, individual style information includedin the style information set provided to each region_style_id will nowbe described.

Herein, region_horizontal_position, region_vertical_position,region_width, and region height are provided as information for definingthe position and size of a corresponding region within the screen. And,region_bg_color_index information deciding a background color of thecorresponding region is also provided. In addition, as informationdefining an original (or starting) position of the text within thecorresponding region, a text_horizontal_position and atext_vertical_position are provided. Also, a text_flow defining thedirection of the text (e.g., left→right, right→left, up→down), and atext_alignment defining the alignment direction of the text (e.g., left,center, right) are provided. More specifically, when a plurality ofregions are included in a specific dialog, the text_flow of each regionincluded in the corresponding dialog is defined to have an identicaltext_flow value, so as to prevent users from viewing disturbed images.

Furthermore, a line_space designating space between each line within theregion is provided as individual style information included in the styleinformation set. And, a font_type, a font-size, and a font_color_indexare provided as font information for actual font information. Meanwhile,the Player_style_flag recorded within the dialog_style set( ) indicateswhether an author may apply the style information provided to theplayer. For example, when Player_style_flag=1b, as well as the styleinformation defined in the dialog_style set( ) recorded in a disc, theplayer is authorized to reproduce the text subtitle stream by applyingthe style information provided within the player itself. On the otherhand, when Player_style_flag=0b, only usage of the style informationdefined in the dialog_style set( ) recorded within the disc isauthorized.

FIG. 9C illustrates the user_changeable_style set( ) according to thepresent invention, which is defined in dialog_style set( ). Theuser_changeable_style set( ) pre-defines the types of style informationthat can be changed by the user and the range of change, and theuser_changeable_style set( ) is used for easily changing the styleinformation of the text subtitle data. However, when the user is enabledto change all style information, which are described in FIG. 9B, theuser may more confused. Therefore, in the present invention, the styleinformation of only the font_size, the region_horizontal_position, andthe region_vertical_position may be changed. And, accordingly, variationin the text position and the line space, which may be changed inaccordance with the font_size, is also defined in theuser_changeable_style set( ). More specifically, theuser_changeable_style set( ) is defined for each region_style_id. Forexample, a maximum of 25 user_style_id within a specificregion_style_id=k may be defined in the user_changeable_style set( ).

Also, each user_style_id includes region_horizontal_position_directionand region_vertical_position direction information, which designate thedirection of the changed position of each of the changeableregion_horizontal_position and region_vertical_position. Eachuser_style_id also includes region_horizontal_position_delta andregion_vertical_position_delta information for designating a singleposition movement unit in each direction as a pixel unit. Morespecifically, for example, when region_horizontal_position_direction=0,the position of the region is moved to a right direction. And, whenregion_horizontal_position_direction=1, the position of the region ismoved to a left direction. Also, whenregion_vertical_position_direction=0, the position of the region ismoved to a downward direction. Finally, whenregion_vertical_position_direction=1, the position of the region ismoved to an upward direction.

Furthermore, each user_style_id includes font_size_inc_dec information,which designates the changing direction each of the changeablefont_size, and font_size_delta information for designating a singleposition movement unit in each direction as a pixel unit. Morespecifically, for example, font_size_inc_dec=0 represents an increasingdirection of the font_size, and font_size_inc_dec=1 represents adecreasing direction of the font_size. Moreover, the decrease orincrease of the “text position” and the “line space”, which are changeddepending upon the decrease or increase of the font_size, may be definedby the same method as that of the font_size, theregion_horizontal_position, and the region_vertical_position.

Accordingly, the characteristics of the user_changeable_style set( )according to the present invention will now be described as follows. Anidentical number of user_control_style( ) is defined in allregion_style( ) that are included in the dialog style segment (DSS).Accordingly, the number of user_control_style that can be applied to allof the dialog presentation segments (DPS) is also identical. Further,each user_control_style( ) is represented by a different user_style_id,and when the user selects a random user_id_style, an identical order ofthe user_control_style( ) is applied to all region_style( ). Inaddition, a combination of all changeable styles is defined in a singleuser_control_Style( ). More specifically, the region_position, and thefont_size are defined simultaneously, instead of being definedseparately. Finally, each of the direction (*_direction) and theindication of increase or decrease (*_inc_dec) is recorded independentlyregardless of each position movement unit (*_delta). More specifically,by defining only the position movement unit (*_delta), a final value ofthe actually changed style information (or style value) may be obtainedby adding the position movement unit (*_delta) to the value defined inthe region_style( ).

FIG. 9D illustrates palette information (palette( )) according to thepresent invention, which is defined in the dialog_style set( ). Thepalette( ) provides color changing information of the text subtitle datarecorded within the dialog. Herein, the palette( ) includes a pluralityof palette_entries, wherein each palette_entry is described by apalette_entry_id. And, each palette_entry is provided with a specificbrightness value (Y_value), a specific color value (Cr_value, Cb_value),and a specific T_value, which designates the transparency of the textdata.

Accordingly, the brightness value (Y_value) is within the range of 16 to235, the color value (Cr_value, Cb_value) is within the range of 16 to240, and the T_value for designating the transparency is within therange of 0 to 255. More specifically, T_value=0 represents fulltransparency, and T_value=255 represents full opacity. However, it ispreferable that the T_value is set to have a default value of ‘0’.Therefore, the disc manufacturer (or Author) records the paletteinformation for each palette_entry_id within the dialog style segment(DSS), wherein the palette information is used in the entire textsubtitle stream. Thus, a specific palette_entry_id may be designated andused from the above-described style information.

FIG. 10 to FIG. 13B illustrate a detailed structure of thedialog_presentation_segment( ), which represent the dialog presentationsegment (DPS) according to the present invention. FIG. 10 illustratesthe overall structure of the dialog_presentation_segment( ), wherein adialog_start_PTS and a dialog_end_PTS are defined. The dialog_start_PTSand the dialog_end_PTS designate the presentation time of thecorresponding dialog. Then, the dialog_presentation_segment( ) includesa palette_update_flag, which indicates a change of information withinthe corresponding dialog. When palette_update_flag=1b, a change (orupdate) of color occurs. And, the palette( ) information defining thenewly changed color is recorded separately.

Subsequently, a dialog_region( ) that defines the region information isrecorded in the dialog_presentation_segment( ). In the presentinvention, a maximum of two regions is provided within a single dialog,and therefore, dialog_region( ) information is provided to each region.The dialog_region( ) includes region_style_id information and continuouspresent_flag information. The region_style_id information designates anyone of the region styles, as shown in FIG. 9B, and thecontinuous_present_flag information identifies whether to perform aseamless reproduction with the previous dialog region. Further, textdata and region_subtitle( ) information are also included in thedialog_region( ). The text data is included in the actual correspondingregion, and the region_subtitle( ) information defines the local styleinformation.

More specifically, the region_subtitle( ) consists of a text string andinline style information applied to the text string, which are formed inpairs (or groups). And, the method of recording the region_subtitle( )according to first, second, and third embodiments of the presentinvention will now be described in detail with reference to FIG. 11A toFIG. 13B.

FIGS. 11A and 11B illustrate an example of recording theregion_subtitle( ) according to a first embodiment of the presentinvention, wherein the region_subtitle( ) includes a text string and aset of identification information (type) for identifying each inlinestyle and applied to the text string. Also, a set of 1-byte information(i.e., escape_code) is recorded between the information being identifiedby the identification information (type). More specifically, whenrecording the text string and the inline styles within theregion_subtitle( ), the text string and the identification information(type) for identifying each of the inline styles are first provided.Herein, the detailed contents that are identified by the typeinformation is identical to that of FIG. 11B.

In other words, when the type within the region_subtitle( ) istype=0×01, the type represents a beginning of the text string, andtherefore, a character code is recorded in a specific field (i.e.,char_data_byte) within the text_string( ). Moreover, a specific set ofinline style information is included in each of type=0×02, type=0×03,type=0×04, and type=0×05. For example, type=0×02 represents a change inthe Font set, and so a font ID value designated by the correspondingClipInfo is recorded in a specific field (i.e., the inline_style_value()), and type=0×03 represents a change in the Font style, and so acorresponding font style value is recorded in a specific field (i.e.,the inline_style_value( )). Also, type=0×04 represents a change in theFont size, and a corresponding font size value is recorded in a specificfield (i.e., the inline_style_value( )), and type=0×05 represents achange in the Font color, and therefore, an index value designated bythe corresponding palette is recorded in a specific field (i.e., theinline_style_value( )).

Finally, type=0×0A represents a line-break in the present invention.Herein, the line-break refers to reproduction being performed bychanging one line during the decoding of the text subtitle stream,instead of recording supplementary data within the corresponding typeinformation. And, type=0×0B represents a completion (or end) of theinline style (i.e., end of inline style). The end-of-inline-style fieldindicate that the inline style is reset to the region presentationproperties specified by the linked region style. Furthermore, prior torecording the information being identified by the identificationinformation (or type information), an escape_code being a set of 1-byteinformation is inserted. The escape code immediately preceding theidentification information distinguish the data representing the inlinestyle from data preceding the escape code. Accordingly, examples ofinline styles being applied to a specific text string according to thefirst embodiment of the present invention will now be described indetail.

First of all, a single inline style is applied to a specific text stringin an order of escape_code→type (one of 0×02, 0×03, 0×04, and0×05)+inline_style_data_byte→escape_code→type (0×01)+char_data_byte+escape_code→type (0×0B). When there is no text stringhaving an inline style applied thereto, an identical style is applied toall text data within the region by a set of region style information. Inaddition, the inline style is applied until the information indicatingthe end of the inline style (type (0×0B)) is detected. Alternatively, atleast two inline styles are applied to a specific text string in anorder of escape_code→type (one of 0×02, 0×03, 0×04, and0×05)+inline_style_data_byte→escape_code→type (one of 0×02, 0×03, 0×04,and 0×05)+inline_style_data_byte→escape_code→type(0×01)+char_data_byte+escape_code→type (0×0B). When at least two inlinestyles are applied to a single text string, the inline styles areconsecutively defined and, then, the text string having the inlinestyles applied thereto is recorded. Therefore, the text string is notrecorded between the inline styles. Furthermore, the plurality of inlinestyles is applied until the information indicating the end of the inlinestyle (type (0×0B)) is detected.

FIGS. 12A and 12B illustrate an example of recording theregion_subtitle( ) according to a second embodiment of the presentinvention, wherein the region_subtitle( ) includes a text string and aset of identification information (string_flag) for identifying eachinline style and applied to the text string. The inline style iscontrolled by a set of number information of the inline styles(number_of_inline_style) and a set of inline style type information(inline_style_type). More specifically, in the first embodiment of thepresent invention, the text string, each inline style, the line-break,and the end of the inline style are all identified by a single set ofidentification information (type). However, in the second embodiment ofthe present invention, the text string and the inline styles are firstidentified by using a set of identification information (string_flag).Thereafter, the inline style is identified by each type by using anotherset of identification information (inline_style_type).

In other words, when recording the text string and the inline styleswithin the region_subtitle( ) according to the second embodiment of thepresent invention, a set of identification information (string_flag)identifying the text string and inline styles are first provided.Herein, string_flag=0b represents the inline styles, and string_flag=1brepresents the text string. Therefore, when string_flag=1b, the textstring is recorded, as a character code, in a specific field (i.e.,char_data_byte) within the text_string( ). Additionally, whenstring_flag=0b, the inline styles are recorded, however, the inlinestyles are formed of at least one inline_style_type.

More specifically, referring to FIG. 12B, inline_style_type=0×01represents a change in the Font set, and so a font ID value designatedby the corresponding ClipInfo is recorded in a specific field (i.e., theinline_style_value( )), and inline_style_type=0×02 represents a changein the Font style, and so a corresponding font style value is recordedin a specific field (i.e., the inline_style_value( )). Also,inline_style_type=0×03 represents a change in the Font size, and acorresponding font size value is recorded in a specific field (i.e., theinline_style_value( )), and inline_style_type=0×04 represents a changein the Font color, and therefore, an index value designated by thecorresponding palette is recorded in a specific field (i.e., theinline_style_value( )). Finally, inline_style_type=0×0A represents aline-break in the present invention, and inline_style_type=0×0Brepresents a completion (or end) of the inline style (i.e., end ofinline style).

Furthermore, when string_flag=0b, the inline styles are recorded,however, a set of number_of inline_styles information is also recorded.Herein, the number_of inline _styles indicates the number ofinline_styles included within the corresponding inline_style. Asdescribed above, a maximum of 6 inline_style_types exists in the presentinvention, and so, the value of the number_of_inline_styles is withinthe range of 1 to 6. However, apart from the above-mentionedinline_style_type, the inline_style_type may also define anotherinline_style_type. And, in this case, the maximum value of thenumber_of_inline_styles must be changed. Thus, the at least oneinline_style_type included within the inline_styles is consecutivelyrecorded as a single unit. Then, when the recording of the correspondinginline_style is completed, a set of 1-byte information (i.e.,escape_code) is recorded between the information being identified by theidentification information (string_flag).

FIGS. 13A and 13B illustrate an example of recording theregion_subtitle( ) according to a third embodiment of the presentinvention, wherein the region_subtitle( ) includes a text string and aset of identification information (data_type) for identifying eachinline style and applied to the text string. The inline style incontrolled by an overall size value (i.e., inline_style_length) a set of1-byte information (i.e., escape_code) is recorded between theinformation being identified by the identification information(data_type).

When recording the text string and the inline styles within theregion_subtitle( ) according to the third embodiment of the presentinvention, a set of identification information (data_type) identifyingthe text string and inline styles are first provided. Herein,data_type=0b represents the inline styles, and data_type=1b representsthe text string. Therefore, when data_type=1b, the text string isrecorded, as a character code, in a specific field (i.e.,char_data_byte) within the text_string( ). Additionally, whendata_type=0b, the inline styles are recorded, however, the inline stylesare formed of at least one inline_style_type. Accordingly, thedefinition of each inline_style_type according to the third embodimentof the present invention is identical to that described in the secondembodiment of the present invention (shown in FIG. 12B).

Moreover, when data-type=0b, the inline styles are recorded, however, aset of inline_style_length information is also recorded. Herein, theinline_style_length indicates an overall size of the correspondinginline style. And, each of the corresponding size (length) includes aninline_style-type and an inline_style_data_byte, which recordsinformation for each type. Therefore, the at least one inline_style_typeincluded within the inline_styles is consecutively recorded as a singleunit. Then, when the recording of the corresponding inline_style iscompleted, a set of 1-byte information (i.e., escape_code) is recordedbetween the information being identified by the identificationinformation (data_type).

FIG. 14 illustrates a detailed view of an optical recording and/orreproducing apparatus 10 according to the present invention, includingthe reproduction of the text subtitle data. The optical recording and/orreproducing apparatus 10 basically includes a pick-up unit 11 forreproducing main data, text subtitle stream and correspondingreproduction control information recorded on the optical disc, a servo14 controlling the operations of the pick-up unit 11, a signal processor13 either recovering the reproduction signal received from the pick-upunit 11 to a desired signal value, or modulating a signal to be recordedto an optical disc recordable signal and transmitting the modulatedsignal, and a microcomputer 16 controlling the above operations.

In addition, an AV decoder and text subtitle (Text ST) decoder 17performs final decoding of output data depending upon the controls ofthe controller 12. And, in order to perform the function of recording asignal on the optical disc, an AV encoder 18 converts an input signalinto a signal of a specific format (e.g., an MPEG-2 transport stream)depending upon the controls of the controller 12 and, then, provides theconverted signal to the signal processor 13. Accordingly, the AV decoderand text subtitle (Text ST) decoder 17 is included in the presentinvention as a single decoder, for simplicity of the description.However, it is apparent that only the text subtitle (Text ST) decodercan be independently included as an element of the present invention.

A buffer 18 is used for preloading and storing the text subtitle streamin advance, in order to decode the text subtitle stream according to thepresent invention. The controller 12 controls the operations of theoptical recording and/or reproducing apparatus. And, when the userinputs command requesting a text subtitle of a specific language to bedisplayed. Then, the corresponding text subtitle stream is preloaded andstored in the buffer 18. Subsequently, among the text subtitle streamdata that is preloaded and stored in the buffer 18, the controller 12refers to the above-described dialog information, region information,style information, and so on, and controls the text subtitle decoder 17so that the actual text data are displayed with a specific size and at aspecific position on the screen. More specifically, the text subtitledecoder 17 decodes the dialog presentation segments (DPS) recorded inthe text subtitle stream, which is preloaded within the buffer 18.However, the text subtitle stream is reproduced by using the specificregion style information within the above-described dialog presentationsegment (DPS), which is designated by the region_style_id recorded inthe dialog presentation segment (DPS), and also by using theinline_styles applied to the specific text string recorded within thedialog presentation segment (DPS).

More specifically, among the above-described methods shown in FIG. 11Ato FIG. 13B, when a set of inline_style is recorded, a set ofregion_styles may be applied to the corresponding text string, insteadof the inline_styles. However, when reproducing a text string, whereinno inline_style is recorded, the set of region_styles is applied onceagain for the reproduction of the text string.

As described above, the recording medium and method and apparatus forreproducing and recording text subtitle streams have the followingadvantages. Text subtitle stream files may be recorded within theoptical disc as standardized information, thereby enabling an efficientreproduction of the recorded text subtitle stream file.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that variousmodifications and variations can be made in the present inventionwithout departing from the spirit or scope of the inventions. Thus, itis intended that the present invention covers the modifications andvariations of this invention provided they come within the scope of theappended claims and their equivalents.

What is claimed is:
 1. A non-transitory computer readable recordingmedium storing a data structure, the data structure comprising: at leastone text subtitle stream, each text subtitle stream including a stylesegment defining at least one region style and a plurality ofpresentation segments to which the style segment applies, eachpresentation segment containing at least one region subtitle andpresentation time information, each region subtitle being linked to oneof the at least one region style and including region informationassociated with the corresponding region subtitle, the presentation timeinformation defining a presentation time of the correspondingpresentation segment, the presentation time information including firstinformation for indicating a presentation start time of thecorresponding presentation segment and second information for indicatinga presentation end time of the corresponding presentation segment,wherein the region information includes data type information and data,the data being defined as inline style information or text stringinformation according to the data type information, the data typeinformation including an end-of-inline-style field for representing thateach of the inline style information is applied until an end of theinline style information is detected.
 2. The recording medium of claim1, wherein the data type information further includes a type of linebreak representing that the text string is drawn in a new line.
 3. Therecording medium of claim 1, wherein the inline style information isconfigured to change one of region presentation properties specified bythe linked region style for the text string, and the region presentationproperties comprises font-related properties.
 4. The recording medium ofclaim 3, wherein the font-related properties comprise fontidentification, a font style, a font size, and a font color.
 5. Therecording medium of claim 1, wherein the region information furtherincludes an escape code immediately preceding the data type informationso as to distinguish the data representing the text string from datapreceding the escape code.
 6. A method of reproducing text subtitlestreams, the method comprising: reading, by a data reproducingapparatus, at least one text subtitle stream from a recording medium,each text subtitle stream including a style segment defining regionstyles and a plurality of presentation segments to which the stylesegment applies, each presentation segment containing at least oneregion subtitle and presentation time information, each region subtitlebeing linked to one of the region styles and including regioninformation associated with the corresponding region subtitle, thepresentation time information defining a presentation time of thecorresponding presentation segment, the presentation time informationincluding first information for indicating a presentation start time ofthe corresponding presentation segment and second information forindicating a presentation end time of the corresponding presentationsegment, wherein the region information includes data type informationand data, the data being defined as inline style information or textstring information according to the data type information, the data typeinformation including an end-of-inline-style field for representing thateach of the inline style information is applied until an end of theinline style information is detected; and decoding, by the datareproducing apparatus, the at least one text subtitle stream based onthe style segment and the region information.
 7. The method of claim 6,wherein the data type information further includes a type of line-breakindicating that the text string is drawn in a new line.
 8. The method ofclaim 6, wherein the inline style information is configured to changeone of region presentation properties specified by the linked regionstyle for the text string, and the region presentation propertiescomprises font-related properties.
 9. The method of claim 8, wherein thefont-related properties comprise font identification, a font style, afont size, and a font color.
 10. The method of claim 6, wherein theregion information further includes an escape code immediately precedingthe data type information so as to distinguish the data representing thetext string from data preceding the escape code.
 11. An apparatus forreproducing text subtitle streams, the apparatus comprising: a pickupconfigured to read data from a recording medium, wherein the datainclude at least one text subtitle stream, each text subtitle streamincluding a style segment defining at least one region style and aplurality of presentation segments to which the style segment applies,each presentation segment containing at least one region subtitle andpresentation time information, each region subtitle being linked to oneof the at least one region style and including region informationassociated with the corresponding region subtitle, the presentation timeinformation defining a presentation time of the correspondingpresentation segment, the presentation time information including firstinformation for indicating a presentation start time of thecorresponding presentation segment and second information for indicatinga presentation end time of the corresponding presentation segment,wherein the region information includes data type information and data,the data being defined as inline style information or text stringinformation according to the data type information, the data typeinformation including an end-of-inline-style field for representing thateach of the inline style information is applied until an end of theinline style information is detected; a decoder configured to decode theat least one text subtitle stream from the pickup; and a controlleroperably connected with the pickup and the decoder, and configured tocontrol the decoder to decode the at least one text subtitle streambased on the style segment and the region information.
 12. The apparatusof claim 11, wherein the data type information further includes a typeof line-break indicating that the text string is drawn in a new line.13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the inline style information isconfigured to change one of region presentation properties specified bythe linked region style for the text string, and the region presentationproperties comprises font-related properties.
 14. The apparatus of claim13, wherein the font-related properties comprise font identification, afont style, a font size, and a font color.
 15. The apparatus of claim11, wherein the region information further includes an escape codeimmediately preceding the data type information so as to distinguish thedata representing the text string from data preceding the escape code.16. An apparatus for reproducing text subtitle streams, the apparatuscomprising: a decoder configured to decode at least one text subtitlestream, each text subtitle stream including a style segment defining atleast one region style and a plurality of presentation segments to whichthe style segment applies, each presentation segment containing at leastone region subtitle and presentation time information, each regionsubtitle being linked to one of the region styles and including regioninformation associated with the corresponding region subtitle, thepresentation time information defining a presentation time of thecorresponding presentation segment, the presentation time informationincluding first information for indicating a presentation start time ofthe corresponding presentation segment and second information forindicating a presentation end time of the corresponding presentationsegment, wherein the region information includes data type informationand data, the data being defined as inline style information or textstring information according to the data type information, the data typeinformation including an end-of-inline-style field for representing thateach of the inline style information is applied until an end of theinline style information is detected; and a controller operablyconnected with the decoder and configured to control the decoder todecode the at least one text subtitle stream based on the style segmentand the region information.
 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein thedata type information further includes a type of line-break indicatingthat the text string is drawn in a new line.
 18. The apparatus of claim16, wherein the inline style information is configured to change one ofregion presentation properties specified by the linked region style forthe text string, and the region presentation properties comprisesfont-related properties.
 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein thefont-related properties comprise font identification, a font style, afont size, and a font color.
 20. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein theregion information further includes an escape code immediately precedingthe data type information so as to distinguish the data representing thetext string from data preceding the escape code.
 21. A method ofreproducing text subtitle streams, the method comprising: receiving, bya data reproducing apparatus, at least one text subtitle stream, eachtext subtitle stream including a style segment defining at least oneregion style and a plurality of presentation segments to which the stylesegment applies, each presentation segment containing at least oneregion subtitle and presentation time information, each region subtitlebeing linked to one of the at least one region style and includingregion information associated with the corresponding region subtitle,the presentation time information defining a presentation time of thecorresponding presentation segment, the presentation time informationincluding first information for indicating a presentation start time ofthe corresponding presentation segment and second information forindicating a presentation end time of the corresponding presentationsegment, wherein the region information includes data type informationand data, the data being defined as inline style information or textstring information according to the data type information, the data typeinformation including an end-of-inline-style field for representing thateach of the inline style information is applied until an end of theinline style information is detected; and decoding, by the datareproducing apparatus, the at least one text subtitle stream based onthe style segment and the region information.